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彩虹多多玩法2023-01-31 16:05

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中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

  • 经典常新:苏州评弹的传承之道******

    经典常新:苏州评弹的传承之道

    ——评盛小云领衔编演的长篇弹词《娜事xin说》

    潘讯(江苏省文联网络文艺传播部主任,文艺评论家)

      如果盘点近两年长三角评弹界的演艺盛事,不能不提到由苏州评弹领军人物盛小云领衔编演的长篇弹词《娜事xin说》。去年金秋以来,《娜事xin说》在上海、苏州、无锡等地巡演,在江南听客中引发了现象级观赏热潮。

      《娜事xin说》为什么能火?原因至少有三:一是原著的魅力。《娜事xin说》的蓝本为张恨水的长篇小说《啼笑因缘》,这是民国鸳鸯蝴蝶派的经典之作,1935年即有《啼笑因缘》弹词改编本演出,80余年来经过几代评书艺人的努力,《啼笑因缘》得以跻身评弹经典书目行列。二是盛小云的号召力。盛小云是当代评弹最为优秀的艺术家,嗓音清丽婉转,表演细腻传神,说唱《啼笑因缘》三十载,已经形成了自己的表演风格。盛小云的演出团队也是一时之选,高博文、吴新伯、施斌、吴伟东等,都是具有深厚功底和创新能力的一线演员,演出阵容可谓是苏沪两地评弹艺术家的强强联合。三是全新编演形式的吸引力。编创者从原版《啼笑因缘》中拎出樊家树与何丽娜的爱情线,重新编排出九回书,分三场演出。这种演出形式和分回设计,既非传统长篇演出形式,又不同于一般的中篇表演,三场演出既能贯通连缀又可独立成篇,近似于戏曲的“连台本戏”。这是适应剧场演出的主动调试,这种编排创新拓宽了当代评弹长篇书目的表演形式,吸引了更多层次的观众走进剧场欣赏评弹演出。

      长篇进剧场的背后,是评弹人对当代长篇书目生存状态的焦虑与突围。近几十年来,评弹界主要编演力量都投入中短篇的创作中。作为苏州评弹生存方式和存在形式的长篇演出则处在持续衰落中,不仅传统书目丢失、表演书回萎缩,新编书目更乏善可陈。演员无书可说,观众无书可听,长篇书目的书场生存陷入尴尬之中。当代评弹并不缺乏好演员,缺的是好书——优秀长篇书目。出于对当代评弹发展症候的清醒认识,以及对评弹传承规律的深刻把握,盛小云带领她的编演团队前后耗时八年之久打造出这部《娜事xin说》,赋予了苏州弹词《啼笑因缘》以新的面貌。

      长篇弹词《啼笑因缘》的经典性来自小说原著的恒久价值。作为通俗小说文本,《啼笑因缘》的魅力在于将言情与武侠糅合,通过曲折动人的情节讲述了一出爱情悲喜剧;在于用20世纪30年代新的时代观念来审视市民世界,来表达金钱与爱情的对峙与冲突、肉身与灵魂的合一与分离。但是小说文本并不能直接搬用到弹词表演中。作为流行于市井中的说唱艺术,弹词本在小说的基础上,经历了一个“再通俗化”的过程,评弹编演者以民间道德和市民伦理对这一出爱情悲喜剧进行了改铸。“再通俗化”的改铸,涉及情节元素的挪移、叙事节奏的调整、人物形象的重塑、美学风格的重建等多方面,这是通俗文学经典与评弹表演艺术的碰撞融汇,是评弹艺术演进与时代审美心理的交糅合流。传统不是简单保留和复说,活的传统是在现在的基础上的重新建构。今天要创作一部“剧场版”《啼笑因缘》,就是要以当下的接受视野和文化观念对这部长篇弹词进行新的改铸。

      《娜事xin说》的编创团队由徐檬丹、傅菊蓉、胡磊蕾三代老、中、青评弹编剧组成,他们在文本的“重新建构”上进行了积极探索。主创人员将戏剧性冲突聚焦在了这场爱情悲喜剧中最深情、最痴迷、最纠结的何丽娜身上,增写了《北洋春》《送花会》《梦咖啡》《吉祥胡同》等原创书回,推演出很多合乎情理的故事情节和细致微妙的心理刻画。通过当代的审美理念和艺术语言,强化和丰富了《啼笑因缘》的情感章回和书中人物的心路历程。盛小云重新解读了何丽娜这个人物。原创书回巧妙地嵌入传统回目中,弥合出一条完整的樊、何“恋战”叙事线,并由此映衬出何丽娜的性格命运。盛小云塑造的何丽娜,一笑一颦款款深情,举手投足楚楚动人。但是,盛小云的表演又拿捏分寸、柔中寓刚。通过一系列啼笑皆非的情节设计、缠绵缱绻的情感倾诉,逐步向听众揭示出在何丽娜美丽痴情的外表下,还有一条更富魅力的性格潜流。何丽娜迷恋而不沉溺、深情而又自省,她在情感冲突、爱情纠葛中“认识自己,洗练自己,自觉自愿地改造自己”,成为这个人物最可爱的品格。对何丽娜性格潜流的揭示与凸显,不仅是盛小云对何丽娜的成功重读,也将弹词《啼笑因缘》的审美价值推进一步。

      当然,九回书还不是盛小云版《啼笑因缘》的全貌,《娜事xin说》应是盛小云“常说常新”愿望中的一块“试验田”。从《啼笑因缘》全书来看,拎出樊、何“恋战”的单线并不完整。张恨水写《啼笑因缘》深受《红楼梦》影响,尤其表现在书中人物的安插与塑造上。曹雪芹写人,不仅将笔下人物置于繁复的关系网络之中,还在重要人物之间构成一组对照,或者赋予主要人物一个投影与幻象。前者如薛宝钗与林黛玉,后者如贾宝玉与甄宝玉、薛宝钗与袭人、林黛玉与晴雯等。这些对照和投影,或为人物性格的诠释,或为命运轨迹的注脚,或为人生悲剧的慨叹。在《啼笑因缘》中沈凤喜与何丽娜即构成一组对照的人物关系。张恨水将二人设计成形容近似、面貌酷肖,这并非一般“小说家言”的花招把戏,实则是借用《红楼梦》的笔法,使沈凤喜与何丽娜互为映象,以命运的反差与性格的映带写出一种人生观念和美学信条。沈凤喜的命运始终处于被动状态,她被虚荣、贪婪、软弱的负面性格牵引着一步步沉入深渊,但她是一个“被侮辱被损害者”。何丽娜则始终积极地把握自己的命运,由一个虚荣佚荡的富家千金转变为洗尽铅华的时代女性,虽然其间有曲折、有跌宕,但这个过程充满正能量。因此,樊、何之恋如果脱离了樊、沈之恋的缠绕与对照,也就失去了意义。

      期待于来者。希望盛小云领衔的编演团队能够再接再厉、常说常新,立足今天的文化姿态对小说原著与弹词传本进行再思考、再解读、再创造,“重建”出属于我们这个时代的长篇弹词《啼笑因缘》。

      《光明日报》( 2022年12月21日 16版)

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